How can the transmission of Hepatitis A and Norovirus be avoided?

Proper handwashing after using the toilet is critical in preventing the transmission of Hepatitis A and Norovirus, as both viruses are commonly spread through the fecal-oral route. When individuals do not wash their hands thoroughly after using the restroom, they can inadvertently transfer these pathogens to surfaces, food, or other people. This step is vital in controlling the spread of infectious diseases, as frequent handwashing with soap and water can significantly reduce the risk of contamination and infection.

The other measures, while important for food safety and general hygiene, do not directly prevent the transmission of these specific viruses in the same way. For instance, freezing food may inhibit the growth of certain pathogens but does not kill viruses like Hepatitis A or Norovirus. Proper refrigeration preserves food and prevents spoilage but does not eliminate these viruses once they are present. Cooking food to high temperatures is effective for killing many bacteria and parasites, but it's not applicable for viral transmission prevention through hand hygiene. Hence, the emphasis on proper handwashing encapsulates a direct and effective strategy for reducing the risk of these viral infections.